Neck Lateral Force
Overview
Lateral neck force refers to the shearing force acting sideways on the neck, causing the head to move left or right [1]. This type of loading can lead to neck strain, soft tissue injuries, or damage to the vertebral discs [1]. When an Injury Assessment Reference Value (IARV) is defined for the ATD used in testing, the measured peak lateral force is also expressed as a percentage of the IARV to indicate injury risk severity [2].
Required Signals
- Force of the Upper or Lower Neck (Y)
Calculation
- The neck lateral force (force at the x-axis) is filtered at CFC = 600.
- Signal is truncated to start at 0 seconds (only applicable if signal has force values before time = 0 seconds)
- Finds the absolute maximum (positive or negative) lateral force and the time value occured
- Calculates the percent of the IARV that the absolute maximum neck lateral force reaches
Neck Lateral Force IARV Table [3]
| ATD | IARV (Nm) |
|---|---|
| CRABI – 6mo | 690 |
| CRABI – 12mo | 740 |
| CRABI – 18mo | 810 |
| HIII – 3yo | 1070 |
| HIII – 6yo | 1410 |
| HIII – 10yo | 1710 |
| HIII – F05 | 1950 |
| HIII – M50 | 3100 |
| HIII – M95 | 3740 |
| HIII - M95 with THOR LX Legs | 1950 |
| SID-II | 1950 |
| BioSID | 3100 |
References
[1] Perry, C.; Buhrman, J.; Pirnstill, C.; McIntire, J. "ATD Biodynamics During Lateral Impact for USAF Neck Injury Criteria". Safety 2019, 5, 71.
[2] "Frontal Offset Crashworthiness Evaluation". Guidelines for Rating Injury Measures, Insurance Institue for Highway Safety, June 2009.
[3] Yoganandan, Narayan, et al. "Accidental Injury". Biomechanics and Prevention, 3rd edition. Springer, 2020.